The Personal History of David Copperfield is a 2019 comedy-drama film

The Personal History of David Copperfield is a 2019 comedy-drama film written and directed by Armando Iannucci, based on the 1850 Victorian era novel David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. It stars Dev Patel as the title character

 "The Personal History of David Copperfield puts a fresh, funny, and utterly charming spin on Dickens' classic, proving some stories truly are timeless.""It really is a wonderfully entertaining film, managing to both respect and reinvent the novel from which it takes its lead."
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The three-part documentary series Putin: A Russian Spy Story (TV Channel 4- UK-2020)

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10846202/

A definitive account of Putin's power and how it changed the modern world.

https://www.channel4.com/programmes/putin-a-russian-spy-story/episode-guide/

An exploration of how Vladimir Putin deployed his knowledge of spy-craft as a politician, and how modern Russia evolved through an acute sense of betrayal, pride and anger

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https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2020/mar/23/putin-a-russian-spy-story-review-schoolyard-thug-who-became-an-unstoppable-leader

Putin: A Russian Spy Story review – 'schoolyard thug' who became an unstoppable leader

From unremarkable KGB recruit to master of kompromat, this absorbing documentary shows how Russia’s leader wormed his way into Moscow’s halls of power and made them his own

In 1973, Soviet Central Television aired a new drama series called Seventeen Moments of Spring, about a Russian secret agent posing as a high-ranking Nazi official called Stierlitz. Stierlitz, James Bond’s Soviet equivalent, was a deliberate propaganda creation – the book on which the series was based was commissioned by the then head of the KGB, Yuri Andropov. In one concrete sense, the effort was successful: it made 20-year-old Vladimir Putin want to become a spy.

The three-part documentary series Putin: A Russian Spy Story (Channel 4) portrays the Russian leader – who, if you include his contrived second stint as prime minister, has outlasted three US presidents and looks well positioned to see off a few more – through the prism of his past. It features interviews with those who have worked with him, those who have known him well and those who have run up against him. Some, including Boris Yeltsin’s daughter Tatyana Yumasheva, are speaking on UK television for the first time.

The first testimonial about Putin’s character comes from the opposition politician Vladimir Kara-Murza, who has had the misfortune of being poisoned by people he is certain are connected to Putin and his state security apparatus not once, but twice, nearly dying both times. “I have no doubt absolutely that this was done as retribution for my political activities in the Russian opposition,” he says. Kara-Murza sees Putin as a product of his background, specifically of his KGB training: “He’s doing what he was taught to do – manipulate, lie, recruit, repress. He seems to be quite good at his job.”

This first instalment takes us only as far as Putin’s election to the presidency in March 2000, but his early days have plenty of insight to offer. Born in St Petersburg in 1952, Putin was, in the words of the author Alex Goldfarb, “a schoolyard thug” who escaped prison only because of his talent for judo; in those days, the KGB kept an eye out for anyone proficient in martial arts. In 1975, two years after Stierlitz first caught his imagination, Putin joined up.

His first posting, to dreary, mid-80s Dresden, came with none of the glamour he had hoped for. To make matters worse, the Berlin wall came down a few years later, taking Putin’s career prospects with it. By the time he returned home, the Soviet Union was on the brink of collapse.

Putin resurfaced in the 90s as a fixer for St Petersburg’s democratically elected and prodigiously corrupt mayor, Anatoly Sobchak. One person who encountered him in those days describes him as “a very dry, obviously very humourless man of small stature”.

Putin mostly kept himself in the shadows, but a 1992 documentary about the city’s administration features him driving around town accompanied by the soundtrack from Seventeen Moments of Spring. There is also a scene in which the interviewer asks Putin if he takes bribes. Putin answers evasively, but with enough menace that the interviewer apologises for asking.

Sobchak found graft and popularity hard to combine. When he lost his bid for re-election in 1996, Putin learned a valuable lesson: never to trust the outcome of an important election to voters. Starting his career over for a second time, Putin packed up his bag of tricks and moved to Moscow.

He rose quickly through the ranks to head the FSB, the main successor of the KGB. At the time, Boris Yeltsin could barely walk in a straight line, let alone run the country, and Russia was in search of a leader who could bring stability. Nobody thought it was Putin. “That was just simply impossible to sort of grasp,” says Mikhail Fishman, the former editor of Russian Newsweek, “because we just didn’t know his face.”

Yeltsin, however, had benefited from Putin’s skilled use of kompromat: the president’s enemies were entrapped and exposed. Yeltsin made Putin his prime minister and his successor. There was the small matter of getting a charmless nobody elected, but, in a country crying out for order, Putin’s KGB history was not considered a drawback.

The most chilling voice to grace this documentary is Putin’s own: prosaic, earnest, flatly recounting his story in his peculiar, dull-but-still-untrustworthy manner. At the end, though, its menace was in its absence. On the night of the March 2000 election victory, a camera crew sat with Yeltsin as he called Putin to congratulate him. But Putin was busy; he would have to call back. The crew waited with Yeltsin, but the call did not come. An hour and a half later, it still had not come. According to those present, it never did.

Oxford English Dictionary (OED-2nd edition) for Goldendict

Oxford English Dictionary (OED-2nd edition) for Goldendict
Updated 08/08/2020 

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предварительно установив Goldendict c сайта разработчика 
или следующую сборку словарей для продвинутого уровня уже с интерфейсом Goldendict

Goldendict Windows with English-Russian-English Advanced dictionaries

The Oxford English Dictionary (OED), published by the Oxford University Press, is a descriptive (as opposed to prescriptive) dictionary[1] of the English language. As well as describing English usage in its many variations throughout the world, it traces the historical development of the language, providing a comprehensive resource to scholars and academic researchers.[2][3] The second edition, published in 1989, came to 21,728 pages in 20 volumes

***

НАПРИМЕР, статья SUCCEED из OED2

succeed

succeed, v.

(səkˈsiːd)

Forms: 4 Sc. succed, 4–6 succede, 6–7 succeede (4, 6 Sc. succeid, 6 -eyd, 8 suckseed), 6– succeed.

[a. OF. succeder (from 14th c.) or ad. L. succēdĕre, to go under, go up, come close after, go near, f. suc- = sub- III + cēdĕre to go. Cf. Pr. succedir, It. succedere, Sp. suceder, Pg. succeder.]

1. a. intr. To come next after and take the place of another, either by descent, election, or appointment, in a position of rule or ownership; to be the immediate successor in an office or in an estate.

1375 Barbour Bruce i. 64 Than the neyst cummyn off the seid, Man or woman, suld succeid.

c 1386 Chaucer Clerk's T. 576 Whan Walter is agon, Thanne shal the blood of Ianicle succede And been oure lord.

c 1400 Apol. Loll. 5 Bi þe slownes of þe pope, and of prelats succedand in his place, and bi her peruerse werkis, moost iuil comiþ to vs.

1538 Starkey England i. iv. 108 You know by the ordur of our law, the eldyst brother succedyth.

1590 Spenser F.Q. ii. x. 68 After him Vther, which Pendragon hight, Succeding There abruptly it did end.

1608 Heywood Lucrece ii. ii, Barren Princes Breed danger in their singularitie; Having none to succeed, their claime dies in them.

1891 E. Peacock N. Brendon I. 59 When Sir Ralf died, Sir John succeeded.

b. Const. to (a person): = 2.

c 1375 Sc. Leg. Saints xii. (Mathias) 71 Gyf þu myn awne ware, & mycht as ayr succed to me.

1387 Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 119 Þis ȝere deide þe secounde Richard, þe fourþe duke of Normandie, to whom succedid his sone Richard þe þridde.

1456–70 in Acts Parlt. Scotl. (1875) XII. 27/1 Eftyr the deceiss of this lard of Meldrum succedit tyll hyme ane othir lard.

1529 Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. I. 585 The aire or airis maile or femaile..succedand to the said umquhile erle.

1613 Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 280 Saracon..was appointed Sultan,..to whom Saladine his Nephew succeeded.

1831 Scott Nigel Introd., A young heir, who has totally altered the establishment of the father to whom he has succeeded.

1874 W. Markby Elem. Law (ed. 2) §564 Neither the heir nor the legatee has a right to claim any portion of the moveable estate;..they do not in any way succeed to the deceased.

1908 R. Bagot A. Cuthbert vi. 52 It was his duty to marry again, and to have children to succeed to him.

fig. 1500–20 Dunbar Poems xii. 22 Evirmair vnto this warldis joy As nerrest air succeidis noy.

c. To follow in office in order of seniority. rare.

1764 Foote Mayor of G. i. Wks. 1799 I. 166 We always succeeded of course; no jumping over heads.

d. Const. † (a) in, into, (b) to (an estate, a position of rule or ownership).

(a) c 1386 Chaucer Clerk's T. 1079 His sone succedeth in his heritage..after his fader day.

1482 in Eng. Hist. Rev. XXV. 123 Alle oyere yat shalle succede in that office.

1520 Caxton Chron. Eng. i. 6 b/1 His sone Heleazarus succeded in y⊇ bysshopryche.

1585 T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xix. 53 If shee be brought to bed of a manchild, the same may by order and course succeed in the Empyre.

1590 Spenser F.Q. ii. x. 41 Next them did Gurgunt, great Bellinus sonne In rule succeede.

1597 Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 303/2 Rob. Scot..and Barbara Scott his spous..ar and hes bene maist kyndlie to succeid in the tak.

1643 Baker Chron. (1653) 60 Rodolph succeeded in the See of Canterbury.

1690 Locke Govt. i. ix. Wks. 1714 II. 135 David by the same title that Saul Reigned..succeeded in his Throne, to the exclusion of Jonathan.

(b) 1563 in Strype Ann. Ref. (1709) xxxviii. 400 The advancement of the Scotch Title to succede to the English Crown.

a 1578 Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 194 Nor zit succeidand to na grett heretaige.

1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 88 Quhen the peychtis doubted quha suld succeid to the kingdome law⁓fullie.

1765 Blackstone Comm. i. iii. 199 Henry the eighth..succeeded to the crown by clear indisputable hereditary right.

1891 Speaker 2 May 564/1 When he succeeded..to the family estates, he found them heavily encumbered.

1912 Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. 44 There seems to be some ground for surmising that Henry wished him to succeed to Neville's office.

e. transf. Const. to († into): To follow another in the enjoyment or exercise of; to be the next to share or take part in.

1612 Brerewood Lang. & Relig. 178 Mozal, as I said afore, is either Seleucia, or succeeded into the dignity of it.

1670 Dryden Conq. Granada ii. iii. i, Take breath; my guards shall to the fight succeed.

1693 ― Disc. Satire Ess. 1900 II. 22 Some witty men may perhaps succeed to their designs.

1782 Priestley Corrupt. Chr. I. iv. 363 The christian saints succeeded..to the honours.

1866 R. W. Dale Disc. Spec. Occ. v. 156 We have succeeded to the honours and responsibilities of our predecessors.

2. a. trans. To take the place of, as successor in an office or heir to an estate; to follow (another) in ownership or the occupation of a position or office; to be successor or heir to.

1503–4 Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 25 §2 They that soo shall succede them..in the seid Sees & Bisshopprikkes.

1513 More Life Rich. III, Wks. 70/2 So was I to king Edward faithfull chapleyn, & glad wold haue bene y{supt} his childe had succeded him.

1583 Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 90 Matthias succeeding Iudas the traitour in the administration of the apostleship.

1611 Bible Deut. ii. 12 The children of Esau succeeded them when they had destroyed them from before them, & dwelt in their stead.

1675 Wood Life (O.H.S.) II. 310 His brother Ralph succeeds him in the estate.

1702 N. Blundell Diary (1895) 6 Eliz. Sumner Dary-Maid left my Service and was suckseeded by Mary Formby.

1841 Elphinstone Hist. India II. 63 When they retired, they were succeeded by the Gakkars.

1860 R. Ross Engl. Hist. 149 Richard Cromwell succeeded his father.

1892 Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 13 In 47 Aulus Plautius was succeeded by Ostorius Scapula.

1897 J. W. Clark Barnwell Introd. 13 Prior Geoffrey..was succeeded by Prior Gerard.

† b. fig. To follow by imitating. Obs.

1577 Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 507 Succeed your fathers and ancestors in obedience.

1601 Shakes. All's Well i. i. 70 Succeed thy father In manners as in shape.

† 3. To fall heir to, inherit, come into possession of; = succeed to, 1 d, e. Obs.

1490 Cov. Leet Bk. 537 Ye must hastely procede vnto theleccion off an-other personne to succede the said office.

1561 Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc iii. i. 73 Egall in degree With him that claimeth to succede the whole.

1603 Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. iv. 123 Else let my brother die, If not a fedarie but onely he Owe, and succeed thy weaknesse.

1606 G. W[oodcocke] Lives Emperors in Hist. Ivstine Kk 4 Mychaell, the son of Constantinus Ducas, sur-named..Parapinaceus succeedeth the Empire.

1725 Ramsay Gentle Sheph. To C'tess Eglintoun 131 Thrice happy! who succeed their mother's praise, The lovely Eglintouns of other days.

4. a. intr. To come next or immediately afterwards in an order of individual persons or things; to follow on; also, † to occupy the space vacated by something. (Sometimes const. to.)

c 1391 Chaucer Astrol. ii. §12, & next him [sc. Mercury] succedith the Mone; & so forth by ordre, planete aftur planete.

c 1485 Digby Myst. ii. 344 Go forth yowur way; I wyll succede In-to what place ye wyll me lede.

a 1548 Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 28 b, Thys battayl on both sides was sore fought & many slayn, in whose romes succeded euer fresh, and freshmen.

1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 52 To the Mernes neist succeidis Angus.

1690 Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxiii. §24 The ambient Fluid, having a full Liberty to succeed in each Point of Space.

1692 Ray Disc. 131 The Waters rising up out of the subterraneous Abyss the Sea must needs succeed.

a 1700 Evelyn Diary 11 Mar. 1651, There was another Malefactor to succeede.

1715 Desaguliers Fires Impr. 25 The cold Air all the while coming down and succeeding at D till the whole Air in the Room has pass'd thro'.

1798 R. Bloomfield Farmer's Boy, Spring 179 Sub⁓ordinate they one by one succeed; And one among them always takes the lead.

1908 A. Dobson De Libris Prol. p. v, I can't pretend to make you read The pages that to this succeed.

† b. trans. To follow, walk after. Obs.

c 1485 Digby Myst. ii. 589, I wyll yow succede, for better or wors, To the prynces of pristes.

1781 Cowper Hope 14 As in a dance the pair that take the lead Turn downward, and the lowest pair succeed.

† 5. intr. To be continued, go on. Obs.

1486 Bk. St. Albans, Her. a j, How bondeage began first in aungell and after succeded in man kynde.

1605 Verstegan Dec. Intell. vi. 156 The old grownded opinion, that hath by ancient tradition succeeded from age to age.

1609 Rowlands Whole Crew Kind Gossips 17 My discontent succeedeth day by day.

6. a. To follow or come after in the course of events, the sequence of things, the order of development, etc.; to take place or come into being subsequently. † to succeed: to come; future.

c 1450 Godstow Reg. 352 In the which..mese..the Chapelayn.. shold haue a dwellyng to serue by the tymys succedyng.

a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) B iij, As the ages hath succeded, so are discouered the sciences.

1570 Satir. Poems Reform. xvii. 117 We se and spyis not our sorrowis to succeid.

1583 Foxe A. & M. (ed. 4) 1397/2 The Masse Priests succeede after Christ, doing the same sacrifice (as they say) which he did before.

1593 Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, ii. iv. 2 After Summer, euermore succeedes Barren Winter.

1613 ― Hen. VIII, v. v. 24 A Patterne to all Princes liuing with her, And all that shall succeed.

1622 Peacham Conpl. Gentl. x. (1906) 95 After him [sc. Gower] succeeded Lydgate, a Monke of Bury, who wrote that bitter Satyre of Peirs Plow-men.

1667 Milton P.L. iv. 535 Enjoy, till I return, Short pleasures, for long woes are to succeed. Ibid. x. 733 Who of all Ages to succeed, but feeling The evil on him brought by me, will curse My Head.

1678 Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 619 Those ill consequences which have since succeeded both at home and abroade.

1781 Cowper Hope 749 And when..This earth shall blaze, and a new world succeed.

1847 C. Brontë J. Eyre v, Half an hour's recreation succeeded, then study.

1875 Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 56 The age of reverence is gone, and the age of irreverence and licentiousness has succeeded.

† b. To follow as a consequence of or upon; to proceed from a source; to ensue, result. Obs.

1537 Starkey in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) I. App. lxxxi. 194 Al worldly respects set aside, and al dangerous success, which might succede of the same.

1632 Lithgow Trav. iii. 117 Curing a festered soare with a poysoned playster; whence succeeded a dismall discord.

1652 Nedham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 7 Any innovation of wrongs succeeding thereupon.

1697 Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 771 The Cause is known, from whence Thy Woe succeeded.

1710 Prideaux Orig. Tithes v. 225 The Normans having conquered this Realm, a thorough abolition of the whole [uniformity of laws, etc.] had like to have succeeded.

c. Const. to: = 9.

1687 A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. Pref., Those Exercises, which in the breeding of Youth, commonly succede to their School Education.

1700 Dryden Pal. & Arc. iii. 346 While Day to Night, and Night to Day succeeds.

1703 Rowe Ulysses Dedic., That this Glorious End may very suddenly succeed to your Lordship's Candor and Generous Endeavours after it.

1833 Tennyson Two Voices 205, I know that age to age succeeds, Blowing a noise of tongues and deeds.

† 7. a. To follow in, or come into, the place of someone or something. Obs.

1551 Robinson More's Utopia ii. (1895) 283 They succede into the places of the other at theyre dyinge.

1638 Junius Paint. Ancients 100 Masters..should take the scholars in hand with a fatherly minde, esteeming themselves to succeed in their place that committed the children unto them.

1667 Milton P.L. xii. 508 But in thir room..Wolves shall succeed for teachers.

1690 Locke Hum. Und. ii. iv. §3 The Idea of the Motion of one single Body alone, without any other succeeding immediately into its place.

1701 Stanhope Pious Breathings iv. xii. (1704) 277 When these Spirits are dispossessed, the Spirit of God will succeed into their place.

b. Const. to: To take the place of.

a 1700 Dryden (J.), Revenge succeeds to love, and rage to grief.

1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. ii. vii. 325 Anglo-Saxon..on the subduement of the Romanized Ottadini, succeeded to the British tongue.

1819 Shelley Cenci ii. i. 52 What can now Have given you that cold melancholy look, Succeeding to your unaccustomed fear?

1883 Manch. Exam. 30 Nov. 5/3 Something like consternation succeeded to the benevolent interest with which the earlier movements of the Mahdi had been regarded.

† c. trans. (causative) To cause to take the place of another. Obs. rare.

1666 Dryden Ann. Mirab. clxxv, Young Hollis..Impatient to revenge his fatal Shot, His right hand doubly to his left succeeds.

† 8. Of an estate, etc.: To descend in succession; to devolve upon, to come down from. Chiefly Sc.

1536 Abst. Protocols Town Clerks Glasgow (1897) IV. 92 That the landis and tenement suld succeyd to hym in heretage.

1549 Compl. Scot. xvii. 155 Considerand that the crop ande rute of our gentreis and genologie hes succedit fra adam.

1596 Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 82 Quhais Impire..athir succeiding to thair awne eftircumers, or be violence..occupied be strangeris.

1601 Shakes. All's Well iii. vii. 23 A ring the Countie weares, That downward hath succeeded in his house From sonne to sonne.

1604 ― Oth. v. ii. 367 (1st Qo.) Ceaze vpon the fortunes of the Moore: For they succeed to [1st Fol. on] you.

9. trans. To come after or follow in the course of time or the sequence of events. (In first quot., to live after, be posterior to.)

c 1525 Fisher Serm. conc. Heretickes B ij, Tyll vs (that succede the commynge of our sauiour) the same thynges be disclosed.

1608 Shakes. Per. i. iv. 104 The Curse of heauen and men succeed their euils.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. iv. 238 If..those destructive effects they now discover succeeded the curse, and came in with..thornes and briars.

1647 Cowley Mistr., Dial. i, Shame succeeds the short-liv'd pleasure.

a 1774 Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) II. 1 The natural philosophers that just succeeded the ages of obscurity.

1784 Cowper Task vi. 259 This smiling sky, So soon succeeding such an angry night.

1816 Scott Antiq. xxxi, These alternate feelings of embarrassment, wonder, and grief, seemed to succeed each other more than once upon her torpid features.

1864 Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. vi. (1875) 85 The rule of Alberic had been succeeded by the wildest confusion.

1913 Times 14 May 6/1 An ideal day for manœuvres, clear and cool, succeeded yesterday's rain.

† 10. a. intr. To happen, fall out, come to pass, take place. Obs.

1537 Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) II. 63 Nothing is succeded sythens my last writing.

a 1548 Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 79 From thensefurth daily succeded, murder, slaughter, & discencion.

1606 G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xvi. 68 By force whereof, it succeded that..they died and their Countrey not deliuered.

1653 tr. Carmeni's Nissena 78 She desired to be inform'd of..what had suceeded since the Prince Doralbo's expedition.

† b. To happen to, fall as a portion to a person.

a 1533 Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) N v, If yl succede to him..it is by reason of the ignoraunce of him selfe.

1622 Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. ii. 259 Lest that succeed vnto them, which happened vnto Don Quixote de la Mancha.

1669 W. Penn in Extr. St. Papers rel. Friends Ser. iii. (1912) 280 The honner which will redownd to thee, exceeds farr the advantage that Can succeed to me.

† 11. a. Of an enterprise, etc.: To have a certain issue; to turn out (one way or another, well or ill).

1540–1 Elyot Image Gov. (1549) 33 But it succeeded all other wise.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Tob. iv. 6 If y{supu} deale truely, thy doings shal prosperously succede to thee.

a 1586 Sidney Ps. xxxvii. i, Though ill deedes well succeeding be.

1595 Daniel Civil Wars i. xliv, But euery day things now succeeded worse.

1600 Fairfax Tasso iv. lxxxii, Yours be the thanks, for yours the danger is, If ought succeed (as much I feare) amis.

1605 Shakes. Lear i. ii. 157, I promise you, the effects he writes of, succeede vnhappily.

1684 R. Waller Nat. Exper. 40 Whether the manner of their operation would succeed contrary, or any way different to what they appear.

† b. To turn out to one's advantage or disadvantage. Sc. Obs.

1533 Bellenden Livy ii. xvi. (S.T.S.) I. 191 Bot his tary and Inobedience succedit to his hevy dammage.

1549 Compl. Scot. viii. 72 The proditione of ane realme succedis to the hurt of the public veil.

12. a. To have the desired or a fortunate issue or conclusion; to turn out successfully.

c 1450 [see succeeding vbl. n. 1].

1595–9 [see succeeding ppl. a. 5 b].

1617 Moryson Itin. i. 161 Since..this our meeting hath not succeeded,..there is no other remedie but to make our peace at leasure by exchange of letters.

1667 Milton P.L. i. 166 Our labour must be..out of good still to find means of evil; Which oft times may succeed.

1685 Dryden Sylvæ Pref., This was impossible for Virgil to imitate; because the severity of the Roman language denied him that advantage. Spencer endeavour'd it in his Sheperd's Calendar; but neither will it succeed in English.

1738 Wesley Ps. i. iv, His happy Toil shall all succeed Whom God himself delights to bless.

1808 Med. Jrnl. XIX. 331, I only used it in two instances, in both of which it succeeded.

1856 Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. v. 464 There was no reason why an attempt which had succeeded once might not succeed again.

1861 Buckle Civiliz. (1873) II. viii. 577 When the spirit of the age is against those remedies, they can at least only succeed for a moment.

b. Of growing plants: To meet with success, do well, thrive.

1812 New Bot. Gard. I. 4 Layers and cuttings likewise sometimes succeed.

1816 Tuckey Narr. Exped. R. Zaire i. (1818) 28 We..were told that wheat succeeds perfectly when sown in the dry plains in the rainy season.

1880 C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 468 There the North American cottons succeed.

13. a. Of persons: To attain a desired end or object; to be successful in an endeavour; to bring one's labours to a happy issue. Also formerly, with adv., to have ‘good’ or ‘ill success’. Also in proverbial phr.

1509 Hawes Past. Pleas. xiv. (Percy Soc.) 55 Above al other he did so excell, None sith his time in arte wolde succede, After their death to have fame for their mede.

1678 Dryden All for Love Pref., Ess. 1900 I. 197 Thus the case is hard with writers: if they succeed not, they must starve.

1731–8 Swift Pol. Conversat. Introd. 24 Nor did the late D. of R― and E. of E― succeed much better.

1735 Pope Prol. Sat. 362 Alike my scorn, if he succeed or fail.

1765 Museum Rust. IV. 368 In this I was told it was impossible to succeed, because a very sensible farmer..had tried the experiment, and failed.

1866 G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. vii. (1878) 124, I have succeeded very badly.

1884 Manch. Exam. 16 May 4/7 If he had studiously endeavoured to be unjust he could not have succeeded more completely.

Prov. 1840 T. H. Palmer Teacher's Man. 223 'T is a lesson you should heed, Try, try again; If at first you do n't succeed, Try, try again.

1857 W. E. Hickson Try Again in Moral Songs 8 'Tis a lesson you should heed, Try, try, try again. If at first you don't succeed, Try, try, try again.

1915 E. B. Holt Freudian Wish & its Place in Ethics iii. 103 The child is frustrated, but not instructed; and it is in the situation where, later on in life, we say to ourselves, ‘If at first you don't succeed, try, try again!’

1960 I. Jefferies Dignity & Purity v. 91 Not to worry... If at first you don't succeed, try, try, try again.

a 1976 A. Christie Miss Marple's Final Cases (1979) 39 You musn't give up, Mr. Rossiter. ‘If at first you don't succeed, try, try, try again.’

b. Const. in with gerund. (Also transf. of things.)

1839 Keightley Hist. Eng. II. 67 Cranmer succeeded in obtaining a mitigation of the provisions.

1869 H. F. Tozer Highl. Turkey II. 232 Bold touches..succeed in leaving a distinct impression on the mind.

1898 F. Montgomery Tony 11 She succeeded in finding an empty carriage.

† 14. trans. (causative) To give success to; to prosper, further. Obs.

1613 Tourneur P. Henry 135 Whose influence makes that His own virtues are succeeded justly.

1626 Shirley Maid's Rev. v. iii, Good Ansilva, give't her, And heavens succeed the operation!

1651 Baxter Inf. Bapt. 193, I leave that which I have written to God to succeed as he please.

1654 Owen Saints' Persever. ii. §20. 44 This way of Disputing will scarce succeed you, in this great undertaking.

1717 Pope Iliad x. 352 Pallas..succeeds their enterprise.

1760–72 H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) IV. 72 May Heaven succeed your..wish.

1825 E. Irving Word God ii. Wks. 1864 I. 18 God, being ever willing and ever ready to second and succeed His word.

1843 J. Perkins 8 Yrs.' Resid. Persia 219 (Bartlett Amer.), Sincerely praying and desiring..the Smiles of Heaven to succeed your..embassy.

† 15. intr. To come up or near to, approach. Obs. rare.

1596 Spenser F.Q. vi. iv. 8 Who euer, as he saw him nigh succeed, Gan cry aloud with horrible affright.

1697 Dryden Virg. Past. v. 7 Will you to the cooler Cave succeed? Ibid., Georg. iii. 632 Snakes, familiar, to the Hearth succeed. Ibid. 758 To his rough Palat, his dry Tongue succeeds.