среда, 28 июня 2023 г.

Selected translations from Russian classics by Constance Garnett

 


Selected translations from Russian classics by Constance Garnett.epub

Constance Clara Garnett (née Black; 19 December 1861 – 17 December 1946) was an English translator of nineteenth-century Russian literature. She was the first English translator to render numerous volumes of Anton Chekhov's work into English and the first to translate almost all of Fyodor Dostoevsky's fiction into English. She also rendered works by Ivan Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy, Nikolai Gogol, Ivan Goncharov, Alexander Ostrovsky, and Alexander Herzen into English. Altogether, she translated 71 volumes of Russian literature, many of which are still in print today.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Garnett

Chekhov's stories
Anna Karenina Leo Tolstoy
War and Peace Leo Tolstoy
The Idiot Fyodor Dostoevsky
Dead Souls Nikolai Gogol
Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Notes from the Underground
The Brothers Karamazov
The Possessed
Fathers and Children Ivan Turgenev
The Kingdom of God Is Within You Leo Tolstoy
My Past and Thoughts Alexander Herzen
A common story - Ivan Goncharov
The Storm - Alexander Ostrovsky
The Plays Of Anton Chekhov


War is Peace - From 1984 by George Orwell- rus-eng parallel text.mp3

https://omdarutv.blogspot.com/2023/06/war-is-peace-from-1984-by-george-orwell.html

 War is Peace - From 1984 by George Orwell- rus-eng parallel text.mp3

https://interculturalruen.mave.digital/ep-153

War is Peace - From 1984 by George Orwell- rus-eng parallel text.pdf

..if leisure and security were enjoyed by all alike, the great mass of human beings who are normally stupefied by poverty would become literate and would learn to think for themselves; and when once they had done this, they would sooner or later realize that the privileged minority had no function, and they would sweep it away. In the long run, a hierarchical society was only possible on a basis of poverty and ignorance.

...если свободное время и безопасность есть у всех, огромные массы людей, ранее отупляемых бедностью, станут грамотными и научатся думать самостоятельно. А когда это произойдет, они рано или поздно осознают, что привилегированное меньшинство не выполняет никакой полезной функции, и сметут его. В долгосрочной перспективе иерархическое общество может существовать лишь на фундаменте бедности и невежества.

The essential act of war is destruction, not necessarily of human lives, but of the products of human labor. War is a way of shattering to pieces, or pouring into the stratosphere, or sinking in the depths of the sea, materials which might otherwise be used to make the masses too comfortable, and hence, in the long run, too intelligent.

Основная функция войны – уничтожение, необязательно человеческих жизней, но продуктов человеческого труда. Война крушит, отправляет в стратосферу, топит в океанских глубинах ресурсы, которые в ином случае можно было бы использовать, чтобы обеспечить массам комфортную жизнь, отчего они в долгосрочной перспективе стали бы слишком разумны.

The social atmosphere is that of a besieged city, where the possession of a lump of horseflesh makes the difference between wealth and poverty. And at the same time the consciousness of being at war, and therefore in danger, makes the handing-over of all power to a small caste seem the natural, unavoidable condition of survival.

Атмосфера в обществе – как в осажденном городе, где кусок конины уже становится признаком богатства. В то же время благодаря ощущению опасности, связанному с жизнью в воюющей стране, передача всей власти небольшой общности людей кажется естественным и неизбежным условием выживания.


Cut off from contact with the outer world, and with the past, the citizen of Oceania is like a man in interstellar space, who has no way of knowing which direction is up and which is down. The rulers of such a state are absolute, as the Pharaohs or the Caesars could not be. They are obliged to prevent their followers from starving to death in numbers large enough to be inconvenient, and they are obliged to remain at the same low level of military technique as their rivals; but once that minimum is achieved, they can twist reality into whatever shape they choose.

Отрезанный от внешнего мира и прошлого, гражданин Океании – как человек в открытом космосе, не знающий, где верх, а где низ. Правители в таком государстве обладают более абсолютной властью, чем у фараонов и римских императоров. Они обязаны не допускать, чтобы их подданные слишком уж массово умирали от голода, и поддерживать столь же низкий уровень военной оснащенности, как у конкурентов. За пределами этого минимума им позволено искривлять реальность как заблагорассудится.

The war is waged by each ruling group against its own subjects, and the object of the war is not to make or prevent conquests of territory, but to keep the structure of society intact. The very word "war," therefore, has become misleading. It would probably be accurate to say that by becoming continuous war has ceased to exist. The peculiar pressure that it exerted on human beings between the Neolithic Age and the early twentieth century has disappeared and been replaced by something quite different.

Войну ведет правящая элита каждого государства против собственных подданных, и цель войны не в захвате территорий или его предотвращении, но в сохранении структуры общества. Поэтому само слово «война» лишь сбивает с толку. По-видимому, можно утверждать, что, став перманентной, война перестала существовать. Специфическое давление, которое она оказывала на людей с эпохи неолита до начала ХХ века, исчезло и заменено чем-то принципиально иным.

The effect would be much the same if the three superstates, instead of fighting one another, should agree to live in perpetual peace, each inviolate within its own boundaries. For in that case each would still be a self-contained universe, freed forever from the sobering influence of external danger. A peace that was truly permanent would be the same as a permanent war. This—although the vast majority of Party members understand it only in a shallower sense—is the inner meaning of the Party slogan: WAR IS PEACE.

Того же эффекта три супергосударства добились бы, перестав конфликтовать и договорившись о мирном сосуществовании в нынешних нерушимых границах. В этом случае каждое из них также осталось бы изолированной вселенной, навсегда освобожденной от отрезвляющего воздействия внешней опасности. По-настоящему вечный мир ничем не отличался бы от вечной войны. В этом и заключается глубинный смысл партийного лозунга «Мир есть война», хотя подавляющее большинство партийцев понимают его более примитивно…



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